Texts Fof Written Discourse - 7893 Words

Contents 1. Doreen Pope 2. Education: Doing bad and feeling good 3. Dance cards 4. Language and literature 5. Inflation DOREEN POPE by Mary Loudon (The Independent Magazine, 20 August 1994) 1. Practically no one reading this will have heard of Miss Pope. Her greatness is not obvious and it has never been documented, but she is my hero nevertheless. This year she retires after a lifetime’s teaching, the last 25 years of which has been spent as a junior-school headmistress in Wantage, Oxfordshire. I was brought up in Wantage, and between the ages of eight and 11 I attended her school. 2. Miss Pope is a strong and wholesome woman. Tall, well-built and cosy with it, she was consistently cheerful without†¦show more content†¦No camaraderie, and worst of all, no charm or imagination. The school was infused with a suffocating emphasis on the importance of conformity. Within the first few days I was beaten up twice by burly fifth formers and taunted for the baffling, small-town sin of being the doctor’s daughter, something which had quite rightly not mattered at Miss Pope’s. I had my e ars pierced and dropped my t’s and h’s, but it fooled no one. â€Å"You stick out like a sore thumb here, you know† said my form teacher. â€Å"Fuck off, posh bitch,† said half the girls in my year, for about three years, until I grew a skin like a bullet-proof vest. 8. Miss Pope remained a quiet source of support through the awful transition from a sunny childhood to a dark adolescence. Cards would arrive at Christmas, and every summer, detailing walking holidays with Sheena and the abundance of wild flowers in Devon and Cornwall. â€Å"Don’t fret about what others think of you,† she wrote once. â€Å"Just work hard, remember that it’s all right to be yourself, and try to laugh at the bad bits.† Her teaching was sensible, solid and compassionate. The values she sought to instil sound old-fashioned, but they weren’t. They were simple, timeless and good, and they filtered gently into hundreds of lives, without fuss or cer emony. Word Study 1. Match the two columns: |1) |unobtrusive |a.Show MoreRelatedTexts Fof Written Discourse7878 Words   |  32 Pagesthe teaching curriculum for every politically situated minority. In California, for example, it is required by law that textbooks not just exclude â€Å"adverse reflection† of any group but include â€Å"equal portrayal† of minorities and the handicapped. In texts on â€Å"history or currents events, or achievements in art, science or any other field, the contributions of women and men should be represented in approximately equal numbers†. 14. Says a respected female historian: â€Å"I’m beginning to think that in the

Organizational Planning And Decision Making - 1588 Words

Many organizations that are still thriving and growing today started with innovative planning and decision-making. Planning and decision-making in a company could be said to be the most important steps any organization will make in order to survive. Organizational plans and goals for a company are derived directly from the company’s mission statement. When a company starts out, the individuals involved need to have a strong understanding of and commitment to the mission statement, because the mission statement is what sets the business apart from others and identifies the extent of the business’ operations (Griffin, 2013). As a company puts together a mission statement, goals for the company arise and aid in providing guidance and†¦show more content†¦Steve’s vision for how technology in general could be made friendly, human, and appealing eventually lead to the series of products so special that they eventually made Apple the most valuable company in th e world† (pg.12). Gustin (2013), a reporter for TIME, writes that Apple is now the largest and most famous technology company in the world. Apple has truly risen to change the way society operates and functions as a whole. This is because of the strong commitment individuals at Apple have to the mission statement, or vision statement of Steve Jobs. The mission statement of Apple is more of an informational plug to its products, however the vision for the company serves more as a mission statement. â€Å"Apple aims to bring the best personal computing experience to consumers around the world through its innovative products and market,† says Bennett, a store manager of Apple. This vision has been the ultimate goal for Jobs from the beginning, and has been what propels Apple to further success in the midst of change. Apple has and is continuing to experience both internal and external forces contributing to organizational change. Internal forces such as transition in management has caused organizational change throughout Apple (Griffin, 2013). In 2011, Tim Cook became the CEO a few months

David Guterson The Mall of America free essay sample

David Guterson wrote the article â€Å"Enclosed. Encyclopedic. Endured: On Week at the Mall of America to transmit his opinion to the public. He begins by offering the basic facts about the mall and its features. The Mall of America was open for business in the summer of 1992, and David Guterson was among the first few thousands of individuals to visit it. He goes a little in depth of the Mall of America by displaying fun facts (Guterson 398). Guterson tries to explain in his opinion why the mall isn’t such a good place to go. Guterson argues that modern shopping malls do not create a sense of community. As Guterson enters the mall his impression is that the creators used their vivid imaginations to build the Mall of America. The mall is compared to Emerald City or Never Never Land He states that the world is being taken over by huge buildings that are rapidly becoming tourist attractions. We will write a custom essay sample on David Guterson The Mall of America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Guterson describes the mall as densely crowded with heaps of people roaming around. He gives a detailed description about what the inside of the mall looks like. How it gets the customers attention right away so they end up staying in the mall longer than they intended to (Guterson 399). Guterson describes the mall as menacing until he realizes that it is simply just a mall, not too different from a smaller mall except being that it has a lot more to offer (399). In the essay, Guterson emphasizes how the mall is just a tourist attraction but not a market place. It therefore does not create a sense of community. To make his description strong and distinct, he uses action and a plenty of sensual details. He distinctively describes the appearance and the interior of the mall that makes the audience have a feeling of having visited the mall. Through his description, one can have a picture of the mall and the activities that go on.

The Mafia Essay Example For Students

The Mafia Essay The MafiaThe Mafia, a well-known crime organization,is still prevalent in society today. In the past five years the SicilianMafia has taken some heavy hits, with the murders of two leading prosecutorsin Mafia-related trials (Coming back). The prosecutors were GiovanniFalcone ( see picture), and Paulo Borsellino. Their successors have managedto put behind bars their murderers and an entire Mafia cupola ( ComingBack). So what exactly is the Mafia? And where did it originate?The word Mafia has two meanings, oneis that it means manly and the other is Morte alla Franca ItaliaAnela which means, death to France is Italys cry ( Mafia History). We will write a custom essay on The Mafia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The meaning came from the fact that Italians more specifically Sicilians,had to adapt to numerous invasions from Arabs, Normans and the French. The word Mafia in Arab also means refuge. The original inhabitants of Sicilywere oppressed and had to seek places of shelter and refuge ( Arlacchi). The Normans when invading Sicily in the 11th century; the native peoplewere forced into labor on the large estates their rulers made. Theironly way of escape was to seek shelter in the hills on the island of Sicily( refer to picture of Corleone). There in the hills the natives formed Secret societies that were meantto unify the natives against their enemies. The societies createda bond or strong sense of family based on their Sicilian heritage ( MafiaHistory). Their societies began to form structureand the idea of family was carried out through this framework. The layoutwas strongly hierarchical. At the head of the organizations were Dons orchiefs, who were in supreme control of the Mafia chapters in each village( Coming Back ). They however reported to the don of dons who livedin the capital of Sicily, the city of Palermo. Mafia leadership isthe Cupola much like a board of directors ( blumenthal p14). The Mafia Dons never really got into the actual business they were involvedin as not to get their hands dirty. They formed individual units calledCaporegime that answered to the Don. The Caporegime controlled thesoldiers or workers that did the dirty work of collecting debts and evenmurder (Arlacchi 23). Joining the Mafia is a lifetime commitmentstronger than family from which you cannot retire, you are bound by bloodand sworn by secrecy ( Mafia History). To join the Mafia you must takean oath based on five principals. The Omerta, is the first principal itis the code of silence that no matter what, even under the threat of tortureor death, you will reveal no secrets. Second you must pledge total obedienceto your don. Third you must lend assistance to any befriended Mafia faction. Fourth you must vow to avenge any attack on members of the family, anattack on one is an attack on all. Fifthly and the most important is toavoid any and all contact with the law ( Mafia History). By the 19th century the Mafia had grownvast and strong. It had once been a small group of rebels that had turnedinto a large criminal society ( I.O.C.G). In these early times of the Mafiathe most common form of extortion was the handing out of Black Hand Notes.These notes were handed to wealthy citizens, and were sincere requestsfor large sums of money in exchange for some form of protection. If thevictims did not comply with the note, they could expect bombings, kidnappings,and murders to help convince them ( Mafia History). In 1876 a Mafia donRaffeale Palizzo ran for political office to infiltrate Sicilian government,and run it from inside and outside the law. He succeeded in getting electedby holding many voters under gunpoint. Inside the government he had DonCrispi of Sicily elected Prime minister. Twenty-six hundred public administratorswere indicted for corruption and other crimes in Sicily ( Arlacchi 28-29). .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 , .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 .postImageUrl , .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 , .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12:hover , .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12:visited , .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12:active { border:0!important; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12:active , .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12 .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u36f7c2b3079304a108c435b1b4388f12:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Stem Cell Research EssayThe whole island had come under Mafia control and they began to suck nationalfunds into their hands. Yet the Mafia was and always will be opposedby some people or organizations. Opposition to the Mafia was always metwith violence ( Blumenthal 7). A well-known example of this, is the caseof a man Emanuel Notarbartolo who was the director of the bank in Sicily. Emanuel publicly announced that he promised to rid the land of the Mafiaonce and for all. In 1893 he was assassinated, and don Palizzo took overhis position. This was not the end though, Notarbartolos son vowed tobring his fathers killers to justice. He managed to get Palizzo indicted,but however the dons control was so vast that he was released ( MafiaHistory). Witnesses had been unwilling to cooperate and even policedocuments somehow disappeared ( Mafia History). By the 1980s in Italy the growth andexpansion of the Mafia in the businesses of drugs and such had reachedthe point of National emergency, and it didnt stop there ( arlacchi 38).The growth of the Mafia had also extendedoverseas. When people from all over Europe started moving to America fora new and better life, the Mafia saw it is a way to expand and escape persecution( I.O.C.G). The Mafia thrived in the small Italian neighborhoodsof America. During this early period New Orleans was the largest Mafiabase in the country ( Mafia History). A New Orleans Police Chief DavidHennesey began investigating a murder of an Italian Mafia member, he beganto learn a lot about the secret society operating in his city( MafiaHistory). He then set out to eliminate it, and was murdered by thedons of the city. In 1957 in Palermo (see map), the Sicilian Mafia metwith the American branch of the Mafia known as La Cosa Nostra, to set updrug trade(Blumenthal 47-48). La Cosa Nostra means in Sicilian our thi ng.The Sicilians would run the drugs into the United States and Canada andthe La Cosa Nostra, would sell the drugs. Profit made by one Mafia familyalways gave a margin of it to dons of other families as gratitude( Blumenthal47-48). They also would let other families share a part of a successfulbusiness as to wet their beaks.In conclusion the Sicilian Mafia whichstarted out as a small group of the oppressed fighting back against theinvading Normans and French, has grown into a vast criminal empire. TheMafia is still active to this day in Europe and America. The current headof the Mafia in Sicily is thought to be Salvatore Toto Riina, who iscurrently in jail for the Falcone murders. Many more Mafia members wereindicted for the murders, yet others remain at large. The American Mafiahad seemed to be broken with the arrests this trial made. But there istalk of La Cosa Nouva a New thing or Mafia regrouping, going back tothe less violent days of secret deals in backrooms with friends in po liticalcircles( I.O.C.G.). Opinion: My opinion on the Mafia is thatthey are good men at heart but go about everything in the wrong ways. Ithink it was a good thing to band together to fight off invading armies,and I also believe strongly in family and heritage. But whats wrong isthe selling of drugs and murder. I believe that gambling is harmless andthey shouldnt be punished for that, but killing and selling drugs aredifferent. Murder explains itself, and drugs can hurt people, their familiesand children. Also I think children raised in the Mafia will grow to beMafia involved as Italians have strong values of heritage, and if thiscontinues the Mafia may always be in society throughout the future.

buy custom Structure and Development of Australian Curriculum essay

buy custom Structure and Development of Australian Curriculum essay The Australian curriculum defines what the young Australian students are to be taught, and the quality of learning expected from them as they advance through schooling. The structure of the Australian curriculum Generally, the overall structure of the Australian curriculum is constant across learning areas. It entails the following elements: A rationale-It shows the position and intent of the learning area in the curriculum. Aims- They portray the learning imparted in the students from learning the curriculum. An organization overview- It provides an outline of how the curriculum in a particular area will be organized, from Prep to Year 12. Content descriptions-They specify the teaching expected from the teachers, and go hand in hand with elaborations that specify the content descriptions. Achievement standards-They illustrate the quality of learning that is expected of learners and they go along with work samples, which indicate the achievement standards through the annotated work of the students. General capabilities- They illustrate a set of skills, conduct and dispositions applicable across content based on the subjects. Cross-curriculum priorities-They uphold the significance of the curriculum to the students' lives and addresses the present-day issues they encounter. Organization of the Curriculum with regard to: Scope of the Australian Curriculum It is written to explain the growth and maturity of young people across the schooling years. It considers the diverse requirements of the entire Australian students, as well as, the knowledge, skills and understanding that the students are required to learn with regard to cross-curriculum priorities, learning areas and general capabilities. It focuses on design and technology, civics and citizenship, business, health and physical education, information and communications technology and economics. It explains to the teachers the content to be taught, and dictates to the students, what to learn and the level of quality learning expected from them. Its clarity enables schools to decide on how best to execute the curriculum, drawing on amalgamated approaches where essential. They also adopt instructive approaches that account for the students' needs and interests, as well as, of the school and community. Levels of learning The curriculum focuses on offering an entitlement to all students, while recognizing that the students' needs and interests are subject to vary. As such, it aims to support teachers and schools, in response to the varying needs and interests. It conveys what the students need to learn and highlights the extra learning alternatives. The levels of learning in the Australian Curriculum as are as follows: Foundation Year to Year 2 This level entails students ranging from five to eight years of age. The curriculum realizes the significance of building relationships, language and communication. It prioritizes foundation knowledge in children, as well as, understanding and skills required to be developed in the children, so as to increase their chances for progressive learning. Essentially, this level gives priority to numeracy (in Mathematics) and literacy (in English) development, since they are the foundations for advanced learning. Other contexts such as technology, geography, history and science strengthen numeracy and literacy. In this level, students have a chance to expand their affective, cognitive and sensory appreciation of their environment, through creative and exploratory learning. Years 38 Students at this level are normally 8 and 14 years old. The curriculum is organized through defined learning areas. It outlines and promotes connections between learning areas in order to intensify understanding and knowledge, since students are advancing from tangible to intangible thinking. Their thinking processes are more logical and constant, and theybecome more autonomous learners. At this stage, students value the learning they deem as significant to their goals. The transition process from primary to secondary school is accompanied by cognitive, physical, social and emotional changes. Thus, this level entails a more inclusive education. Additional learning is offered in social sciences, humanities, technologies and arts. Students can select extra study areas that match their needs and interests. Years 910 The middle and upper secondary schooling years are a transition to maturity. Students clearly perceive their interests, goals and strengths. At this level, they regard issues of human knowledge and the environment. The curriculum broadens understanding and knowledge in each of these areas. It considers numerous aspects of the students, including opportunities to develop and deepen initial learning, essentially through national cadetships and vocationally oriented courses, in order to augment achievement and uphold student participation. Senior secondary years of schooling (Years 11-12) The curriculum at this level is written for students between 16 to 18 years old, with a view of providing students with better opportunities to make effectual choices, in and out of school. The choices are largely dictated by earlier accomplishments and enjoyment, future training, employment or learning alternatives, and the setting upon which the learning is to transpire. The curriculum offers more specialization opportunities in learning at school, through professional education and training. The Australian curriculum has eight chief learning areas for Prep to Year 12. These are mathematics, English, Design and technology, Humanities and social sciences, Health and physical education, Languages, Arts and Science. How is it related to the various models of curriculum that have been discussed in your texts and readings? As other curriculums, it does not offer a specific approach to teaching. However, it does and should gratify the range of learners. Teachers have a choice to employ learning theories such as Gardners multiple intelligences and Bloom's taxonomy, based on their relevance to the students. An inquiry approach is necessary in History and Science. How does the curriculum relate to various definitions of curriculum i.e. does it encompass a broad view or a very specific view of curriculum? The curriculum is inherently extensive in methods of content delivery. It does not endeavor to offer a specific pedagogy. Instead, it offers a range of examples and views through which to convey the content descriptions. The achievement standards are also extensive, with regard to the accessible assessment modes. Normally, the content gets specific when describing what must be taught in the content, as well as, the achievement standards, which depict the expected levels of achievement. What view is promoted about the purpose or goal of education? The curriculum promotes the view that education plays a vital role in molding the young students, who will assume future accountability for Australia. For it to serve this purpose effectively, education must attend to the personal, social and intellectual development of the young Australian students. A good education is valuable to the students and the entire community, as it justifies their investments of effort, resources and time. Education equips students with skills that enable them to address the constantly varying individual and societal expectations, thus enabling students and society members to be more industrious, sustainable and just. What view does it have about the learner? i.e. How the curriculum is informed by factors such as learning theory, philosophy and human development. The Australian curriculum, both at the local and national levels aims for learners to develop a firm foundation in knowledge and acquire an affirmative perception of skills and morals that will further learning and present a stand on which to construct a solid adult life. The range of learning areas allows tthe learner to advance in the general capabilities, which allows critical and flexible thinking. This creates the capacity for effectual collaboration of students across disciplines, promoting innovation through translation of new ideas into practical applications. With regard to philosophy, the curriculum strives to impart a pre-eminent role to the educational goals and purposes of the young Australian students. It imparts a positive contribution to the general capabilities the young students endeavor to obtain. Its design incorporates health and development as Unit 1's starting point, since numerous learners at this stage are at the initial lifespan phase of youth. The study of human development progresses through the stages, and it aims at expanding and enhancing the youth choices and capabilities, encouraging them to partake in their community's life, as well as in decisions that affect their lives, and allowing them to have access to health, knowledge and decent living standards. What are the processes of teaching, learning and assessment that are valued? Teaching: For effective teaching, teachers must: Partner with parents, health professionals, and other teachers as well, in order to share proficiencies and formulate solutions to alleviate particular problems Shun flawed assumptions about the nature of the needed expertise to be taught to the students, by being conversant with the necessary skills from the education system advisors and from other researchers. Develop a detailed and current program of subject knowledge, along with together with the development of the child and the adolescent. Have an ample understanding of how well each student learns specific skills. This is best achieved by using structured observation. Be well-versed on a variety of approaches from which to draw well-versed pedagogical choices, with regard to the learner's and the context's traits. Learning: Good learning processes entail the following five aspects: Clarifying: Before beginning a task, the learner must know what to do. Exploring and selecting: Before undertaking the task, the learner must mull over the various ways of executing the task, and pick the most suitable way. Acting: The learner must do the task to an appropriate standard. Monitoring: During the action the learner must intentionally check to ascertain that the undertaking is being correctly executed. 5. Assessing and evaluating: Upon completion, the learner must evaluate the entire performance and check for ways the task could be improved. Assessment: Effective processes for assessment incorporate the following: Assessment that directs and supports effectual learning approaches. Assessment that accurately and dependably measures projected learning results, especially in higher education. Assessment and evaluation that identifies and defends academic standards. To what extent does this curriculum cater for the needs of 21st century learners? It does not satisfactorily reflect the goal of the Melbourne Declaration, which is, that young Australian students should become creative, inventive, resourceful and ultimately successful learners. Students should be able to think rationally and effectively assess evidence, in order to solve problems in the numerous learning areas and courses, both independently and collaboratively. The segmentation in the curriculum does not effectively integrate across all the learning areas. The document fails to sufficiently focus on imagination, thinking skills and student engagement. Thus, it fails to sufficiently cater for the needs of the 21st century learners. Conclusion The Australian Curriculum is an effective document that guides the learning and teaching practices in Australia. The efficiency of the scope and structure of the curriculum has been successful over the years, by producing innovative and well-informed students, hence promoting the positive advancement and growth of the Australian Community in its entirety. Buy custom Structure and Development of Australian Curriculum essay

How To Start A Podcast (Authentic Advice From Someone Whos Done It)

How To Start A Podcast (Authentic Advice From Someone Whos Done It) So you want to start a podcast to apply educational content marketing theory to audio. That makes sense. Some 57 million Americans alone listen to podcasts, a 23% increase from 2015 to 2016. Thats one  in four  Americans who listen to at least one podcast per month,  while an average podcast listener hears  five podcasts a week. There is a ton of opportunity for you to connect with a growing and active audience through podcasts. But youre not here to see the stats. You already know the opportunity. So the real questions are how to start a podcast that will: Launch successfully (and continue to be successful)? Help you maximize the time you invest into producing each episode by sharing it on many channels to reach an even larger audience? Be manageable as a long-term investment while you complete tons of other work like usual? At least, those were some of my questions when I started researching how to start a podcast. And Ive figured out a lot of the answers on my journey to launching s brand new podcast, The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast. When you read this blog post, youll find the best advice that worked for   to launch a podcast, including: How to select a topic that will attract your audience How to structure your podcast How to find the right guests who your audience will love How to approach recording and producing your episodes How to publish and promote your podcast to reach your audience Lets get to it. How To Start A #Podcast (Authentic Advice From Someone Whos Done It) How To Choose Your Topic And Name Your Podcast There's a time-tested method that will help you find the perfect balance between what you want to say and what your audience wants to know. It's called the content core. You can find the perfect topic for your podcast by following this framework. Ask yourself: What is my business really good at? What does my audience really care about? The content core is the point at which your strengths intersect with your audience's interests. That's the best opportunity for you to choose an overarching topic for the entire podcast series, while also giving you a framework for choosing subtopics for individual episodes you'll record later. Action Items: You can begin this exercise by brainstorming  two lists: One list to answer, "What is my business really good at?" Another list to answer, "What does my audience really care about?" Find the ideas that are on both lists and create a final third list. This list is the gold; the nuggets that will propel your podcast into thought leadership your audience will love. In other words, this list is the overarching topic of your podcast as a whole. Now that you have a topic with clear direction knowing you'll publish successful episodes, it's time to determine a name for the podcast. There are a handful of ways to do this: Name it  something clever related to the topic (Example: The Call To Action Podcast) Name it the topic to give the perspective that it is the go-to podcast to listen to on that topic  (Example: The Startup Chat) Name it after a keyword  (Example: The Tim Ferriss Show) Name it some combination of all of these things  (Example: Actionable Content Marketing) If you've already checked out The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast, you'll note that we targeted a keyword (content marketing) combined with a standard of performance we demand in all content (actionable). You could try that approach, too, brainstorming lots of different ideas until you find the one that works best for your business. Action Items: Brainstorm common keywords, words, and phrases your audience uses when describing your topic.  You can use your customer survey data to understand common words and phrases they use. Translate the results from your brainstorm into potential names of your podcast. Simply create a list to get started, holding nothing back- rapid fire brainstorming can help you get tons of ideas out quickly. Narrow the list to five of your top picks, then ask your team for their advice. Select one name, preferably shorter and easy to remember. How To Structure Your Podcast For Ultimate Impact By structure, I mean asking yourself: Will the podcast feature only me talking? (Example: Grammar Girl) Could it have  another team member and me? (Example: This Is Your Life) Will we feature different guests as talent on each episode? (Example: Entrepreneur On Fire) There are success stories from all three types of podcast structures. However, in the world of business, I'm biased toward featuring guests. And in the rest of this blog post, you're going to learn how to start a podcast that features new guest talent on each episode. Action Items: Brainstorm the talent you will use to cover your topic on the  podcast. Here are a few questions to consider: Do you know  all of the wealth of information on your topic so much that you don't need anyone else's advice? If so, you could probably go solo. Could you and a teammate choose a subtopic within your content core and banter in an entertaining or educational way? If so, maybe having two people on the show is right for you. Three people can work well for discussion. Four or more people on an episode  often becomes too messy, judging from  convos I've had with Craig Hewitt from Podcast Motor. Could your friends or people you know in the industry- or influencers- help you share more robust stories and reach a larger audience? If so, you'll want to consider inviting guests for different episodes. The other element of podcast structure ties in to how you  plan conversations interesting enough that your audience will love to listen in. There are a few methods for you to consider: Banter: You have a subtopic within your content core, but that's about it. This structure is very loose and requires you to know a lot about the subtopic in advance to be able to direct the conversation to cover the most important parts of the subtopic. (Example: Stuff You Should Know) Segments: You have certain things you talk about in each episode, regardless of the subtopic. It's kind of like traditional news with local news, local weather, national news, national sports, etc. The information itself changes, but the segments of the newscast remain the same. (Example: This Old Marketing) Interview: You ask questions around a specific subtopic. For some guest-driven podcasts like Entrepreneur On Fire, the questions remain the same, only the guests share different expertise and hence different advice. For others like The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast, this means knowing the talent's expertise on a specific subtopic and tailoring questions specifically for each guest. (Example: Smart Passive Income) As you can guess, the talent you have on the show should influence the  structure behind the conversation. Internal talent may be more apt for banter and segments whereas  segments and interviews may work better for guests. For the Actionable Content Marketing Podcast, we opted for  featuring guests in an interview style. This gives us a huge opportunity to connect with amazing marketers with  diverse backgrounds who can share tons of different ways to solve big marketing challenges with our audience. This way, we know The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast  won't grow stale because every episode features unique opinions and advice. Plus, we get the added bonus that our talent will help us share the podcast with their own audiences, which furthers the reach of every episode we ship. Action Items: Ask your team for a shortlist of the podcasts they love to listen to. What kind of structure seems to attract and retain their attention? Based on the talent you'd like on your podcast, brainstorm the best way to  have a conversation interesting enough to share with your audience. Will banter, segments, or interviews work best for your podcast? Share your conclusion with your team and ask your team for their advice. You're not in this alone. How To Find Amazing Guests For Your Podcast (And Make Their Experience Awesome, Too) At this point, you haven't shipped anything, so you might feel like it'd be hard to get guests for your podcast. In my experience, that's not true. You just need to look for the folks who already know, like, and trust you. At your disposal, you have: Existing customers who have solved big challenges others like them would love to learn from. Email subscribers who- like existing customers- have solved problems and could share how they did it. Industry friends from similar companies to yours who also have interesting stories to share. Companies you love or buy stuff from- do they have stories your audience would be interested in, too? Unlike asking for a guest blog post, being talent on a podcast is extremely easy for a guest. It requires just a little bit of time to understand the subtopic to cover, how to answer the questions, and the actual recording time. To top it off, your guests get access to your website traffic, email subscribers, social media followers, and the subscribers on all of your podcast outlets like iTunes, Stitcher, SoundCloud, and Google Play. That's a ton of exposure for a guest. ^ And that's the way to market this opportunity to them. Action Items: Ask your team for the names of customers, email subscribers, industry influencers, and your suppliers who would be an excellent fit for a podcast episode according to your content core. Find a  list of your existing customers. Sift through the ones who sound like they'd have interesting stories to share. Sift through your email list for prospects who would be a good fit for your podcast. If necessary, review their website for information from blog posts or news releases on problems they've recently solved to understand how you may be able to share that story in a podcast episode. Peruse the list of companies you  buy stuff from. Think of industry influencers  and friends who could help you out. Pull together a shortlist of all of those email addresses. If for some reason you don't have the email address and just the name, go to that person's website, highlight their name, and use Datanyze Insider to find their email address in a matter of seconds. Now you have a shortlist of people who would be awesome  talent for your podcast. It's time to make the process as painless as possible for them to go from introducing yourself to a recorded episode. I've found a simple process with 10 steps works best (and by the way, you can get the checklist I use for this process- along with all of my email templates- for free in the checklist/template resource that complements this blog post): Step #1:  Reach Out To Talent This is not a blasted message to your entire shortlist that blind copies each person. Tell your talent  how you selected them, why you'd value their contribution, and how they'll benefit from increased exposure from your audience. Provide a link to book an angle conversation with you before you record their  episode using a tool like Calendly. With Calendly, the talent can see your schedule and book a time that works best for them and you. Calendly helps your guests easily book podcast meetings with you. You can also ask them for their  Skype ID (and phone number in Calendly for backup purposes) to help you know how to get in contact with them easily. Step #2:  Follow Up On Outreach Pitch Email inboxes get busy. Give them some time to respond, but also let them know you're serious about featuring them as the top talent on your podcast. I've found about a week or so is a good amount of time to wait before following up. Step #3:  Confirm Angle Appointment If you opt to use Calendly, you will get an automatic email (and an automatic appointment  on your Google Calendar) when your talent books an appointment with you. I've found it's best to add them immediately on Skype right when you get that confirmation  rather than trying to find them via their Skype ID  moments before the angle call. You'll find that some of your talent may give you the wrong Skype ID at first, so the sooner you discover that, the sooner you can  ask for it to avoid unprofessional technical difficulties. At this point, I also send an email to the talent to let them know I received their invitation to chat and let them know to expect to be on an angle call so I can get the information I need to draft questions, and not actually recording their episode. Step #4: Host Angle Call Some podcasts avoid doing this step. I find it's important because you get the opportunity to ask, "What is a major {insert topic} challenge you've solved recently? How did you solve that challenge? What mindset made you successful at solving that challenge?" This gives you all of the information you'd need to know to draft questions for an interview style podcast episode. You also get the chance to hear your talent speak- are they short with their answers, are they long-winded, is their audio bad, etc.? All of that information helps you understand what to expect as the host to direct your talent to show their strengths. I've found one size does not fit all, and these calls are immensely helpful for breaking the ice before recording the actual episode. Step #5: Draft Questions Depending on the person (short or long-winded?), I'll draft 10 to 20 questions to help me reach an intended record-time podcast episode length of about 20 minutes. The average commute to work is 25.4 minutes, so once you add in an introduction, middle call to action, and conclusion, you'll ensure your audience can listen to an entire episode on their way to work. Generally speaking, it's best to error on the side of writing too many questions rather than not having enough to hit your ideal podcast episode length. These questions are based entirely on the conversation from the angle call, and I even leave guests  cues  as a reminder of our prior conversation to direct them on how to answer specific questions. This isn't meant to alleviate their creativity, but rather, help prevent them from giving the same answers to multiple questions, especially with the subtopic of the episode is very narrowly focused. Step #6: Send Questions To Talent Send the questions to your talent, and ask them to book another appointment to record the actual episode. Again, Calendly works wonders for this. It's during this step that you can send a few tips  to help your talent record the best episode possible. For example: Find a quiet place to record without distractions. Use headphones and a microphone. Put phones on silent. Turn off notifications on your computer. Plan on about 45 minutes for recording. Step #7: Send A Reminder The Morning Of Your Recording Your talent is busy. People forget. A short email saying you're excited to chat later today at a specific time serves as a nice reminder so you don't have to rebook your appointment and risk delaying your publishing schedule. Step #8: Record The Episode Explain to your talent what to expect before you record. Will you stick to the questions? Will you pry deeper if you think an answer was too vague? Will you go completely off track and ask new questions entirely (ones your talent may not have prepped for)? Are you recording a separate introduction and conclusion after you have the conversation? If they have a difficult name to pronounce, ask them before you record. And once you hit that record button, let them do the talking. They are the talent, not you. I've found it helpful to write transition sentences to help me move  from one question to the next in a way that feels less jarring than asking straight questions- which also prevents me from bumbling from question to question. As you record more episodes, this process will feel more natural. Skill comes with practice. Step #9: Thank Your Talent After you record the episode, let your talent know you appreciate them! They just did you a solid, so I like to send them something special in the mail and let them know when to expect the episode to launch. Hooray for @swag! pic.twitter.com/gwEZ6eCJHJ Dustin W. Stout #SMMW19 (@DustinWStout) September 28, 2016 At this point, I also ask for anything else I might need to make  the episode completely awesome, like their bio, headshot, company logos, and mailing address (that last one is for a care package). That content goes into blog posts to complement each episode release, along with social media graphics to promote the episode. Step #10: Let Them Know When The Episode Is Live Your talent will listen to their episode, and since they took the time to record it with you, they have incentive to share it with their audience, too. Give them the link to the blog post and the social media graphics you've designed to make it easy for them to share. Action Items: Whether or not you want to follow this exact 10-step process for managing your podcast guests' experiences, take the time now to draft the process that will work best for you and your team. How To Record And Produce Your Podcast Episodes The first thing to do is to make sure you're using the right tools to record  professional quality podcast episodes: Skype is an amazing tool lots of podcasters use for hosting conversations. This is the actual calling software. Ecamm Movie Tools Call Recorder connects into Skype and gives you the  tool to record the conversation. It's good because it records your audio separate from the talent's, so you can easily mix out the person who is not talking and sweeten the audio for each person separately as needed. This technology works with Skype whether you're recording video podcasts or audio podcasts (which is yet another decision you  need to make). Your computer mic isn't good enough, especially if you're the host. Invest in a professional microphone. Over-the-ear or studio headphones help you hear your talent while ensuring your mic doesn't pick up their voice, thus producing an echo. Find  quiet room to record, even if that means ditching your noisy office to record at your home during the middle of the day. As you start to hear the conversations you're having, you can also think through the next steps for production, including music and sound effects, voiceovers, introductions, middle calls to action, and conclusions. Let's explore those areas of each episode a bit more. Choose Music And Sound Effects That Sound Like  Your Culture Would you like to brand each podcast episode with specific introductory and conclusion music or sound effects? AudioBlocks is a great source to  find music for your podcast. Some things to consider may be: The music you've used in the past for videos The culture of your company (i.e. fun and quirky or serious and strong?) Brand your podcast with music that *sounds* like your visual brand.Consider A Professional Voiceover For Your Introduction And Conclusion Would you like a professional voiceover to introduce your podcast name and company? Should it be a  male or female voice? For example, a majority of 's audience is female, so  for the Actionable Content Marketing Podcast, we decided a professional female voiceover would be best. The voiceover talent offers an introduction to each episode, saying, "You're listening to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast, powered by : The #1 marketing calendar for everything you need organized."  The same voice also concludes each episode, saying, "You've been listening to  The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast, from your friends at . For more actionable content, visit .com." Freelancer.com  is a freelancing source that helps connect voiceover talent with folks like you. Record Episode-Specific Introductions To  Share Your Talent's Credibility On The Subtopic Of Each Episode Record an introduction to the episode immediately  after you record the conversation. This helps you connect the dots between  your talent's advice and the classic WIIFM (what's in it for me?) for your audience. For these introductions, I like this framework: Begin with something catchy to help your listener feel like the episode will help them solve a problem.  "What if you could...", "Image how you'd feel when...", and similar discovery verbiage helps set the tone for what listeners will learn throughout  the entire episode. Introduce the talent as the ultimate authority on the subtopic within the episode and why listeners should trust the guest's advice. Cover the WIIFM  in detail, focusing on the benefits your listeners will receive if they simply continue  listening to the episode. Introduce yourself so new listeners have a frame of reference for who you are as the host. If, for example, your professional voiceover introduces the podcast name by your company, you can introduce yourself as "Nathan from " to let your listeners know you represent  that business. Restate the name of the podcast to help listeners remember where they're learning this valuable information. Record Episode-Specific Middle Calls To Action To Give Away Exclusive Content Like traditional TV shows usually have  commercial breaks every eight minutes, so should your podcast episodes. The human brain can only pay attention for so long before it needs a distraction. Middle calls to action may act as ads for your product or service, a related piece of content you've just published, or even sponsorships (if that's how you're funding your podcast). For The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast, I try to connect the dots between the conversation at hand and how can help listeners put that advice into practice. There are a few elements of these calls to action  that help it feel appropriate in context: Begin with a sentence that clearly indicates the podcast episode is not ending. "There's a lot more advice from {talent name} to come." Keep the call to action short. "If you'd like to do {episode subtopic advice}  like {talent name}, {our product} is a great fit." Give them a specific link to visit. "Just sign up at {companyname.com/simple} to {experience  desired benefit in context to subtopic} now." Transition back to the episode. "Now let's learn more about {episode subtopic} with a little extra help from {talent name}." Record Episode-Specific Conclusions To Button Up The Episode And Remind Listeners Of The Exclusive Offer Conclusions give you the opportunity to thank your talent for sharing their wisdom and reiterate to your audience why that advice is gold. You can also use them to direct your audience to learn more from episode-specific blog posts on your website, and reiterate the special offer you provided in your middle call to action. You could share the following information in your episode conclusions: Thank your talent Share the URL where listeners can find more information on the episode like show notes, talent bios, and episode transcripts Share the URL you mentioned in your middle call to action  with an exclusive offer Ask for  ideas for future episodes or talent you should feature on the podcast A Note On Production: Learning audio editing tools can be time intensive. For the actual editing and production of The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast, we work with a partner, Podcast Motor. I'd recommend researching third parties like Podcast Motor for your own podcast because it's like adding a podcast professional as a marketing team member. You get the added benefits that this team member will publish episodes on time no matter what, and will never become distracted by "shiny object" projects that take them off podcast tasks. How To Publish And Promote Your Podcast Episodes (A Grab Bag Of Advice) Libsyn is well-known as one of the best podcast hosting services. From here, you can upload your episodes and enter  destinations  for where to share your podcast episodes. For example, all  Actionable Content Marketing Podcast episodes are hosted on Libsyn and are shared to iTunes, Stitcher, SoundCloud, and Google Play on a schedule for every week on Tuesday mornings. This step of the process is handled entirely by our partner, Podcast Motor, with the help of Libsyn, and is yet another reason why I'd recommend working with a podcast professional. Once you have your episodes queued in Libsyn, I have some advice for spreading the word as you plan your launch. Definitely Publish A Pre-Launch Podcast Announcement To Get Early Feedback You planned your podcast according to your content core, so  your audience really should love it. But. What if you could know they'll love it instead of just guessing? What if you could *know* your podcast will be successful before launching it?After you've recorded three episodes, I'd recommend publishing a blog post and sharing those  episodes with your existing audience. Share the three episodes- rough cuts with ums, ahs, and absolutely no audio sweetening or voiceovers. The point is to ask for their feedback before you invest any more time into your  podcast. They may have feedback for your structure, talent, guests, etc. that will help you produce even better episodes in the future- even before you launch. Here's an example of how we did exactly that with The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast. Consider Publishing An Episode Zero To Set Your Listeners' Expectations Some podcasts publish  an episode zero to explain the benefits their listeners will receive if they consistently listen to the podcast. It's a handy way to  act as a kind of what's-in-it-for-me? FAQ. Here are some items you could cover in your episode zero: Why the name? What's the goal? How will your audience learn? Who will be on the podcast? What is the structure? What is the content? Where will your audience  find the podcast episodes? When will you consistently publish? Episode zero is definitely a thing you could do, but not necessary for success. Plan Your Frequency And Consistency To Build A Loyal Listener Base Upon launch, our partner, Podcast Motor, recommends publishing at least two episodes (three in total, if you decide to go with episode zero). Still others recommend publishing three episodes (four if you opt for episode zero) to begin with. The main point is this: Publish more than one episode on your initial launch day so your early adopters have more content to consume if they want it. For example, The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast published two episodes on launch day, and will ship a third episode  a few days after that initial launch. A key insight here is to record several episodes before you launch to make sure you have enough content  to launch and keep you going. Before we launched The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast, we had 13 episodes recorded so we wouldn't have to rush our guests to publish a new podcast episode every week. This means after our initial launch week, we had content  prepared for 10  additional weeks. Record a bank of episodes before you launch your #podcast.As you thought through your episode zero, you  already asked yourself how often and when to publish. Knowing this information- will it be every Tuesday morning at 8 a.m. or once a month on the first Monday of the month?- will help you understand how big of a content bank to build before you launch. Plan Consistent Podcast Episode Names To Emphasize Your Talent's Credibility An awesome thing about podcasts- at least something we're trying for The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast- is to not focus so much on keywords. That frees us up to focus on stories that no one else in our industry is talking about with the folks who've solved major marketing challenges. That reflects deeply in the headlines we create for podcast names, and I'd suggest you follow a similar approach. Here are several examples from our initial podcast episodes- and also a sneak peek at what you're going to learn from The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast ;) How To Create A Bank Of Content (And Plan Ahead) With Janna Maron From Smart Passive Income How To Hack Your Marketing Like A Startup With Garrett Moon From How To Boost Facebook Engagement With Kelly Fitzgerald From Anytime Fitness How To Build Influence In Any Industry With Chris Dessi From Silverback Social How To Market A Brand New Feature Or Product With Kathryn Nyhus From How To Improve Your Editorial Strategy With Tara Clapper From SEMrush How To Optimize Your Social Media Messages With Dustin Stout From Warfare Plugins How To Solve Marketing Fire Drills With Kyle DeWeerdt From Apprenda How To Double Your Facebook Reach With Rebekah Radice From Post Planner How To Prioritize Your Marketing Projects With Josh Pigford From Baremetrics How To Organize  Content Creation Like A Publisher With Matt Ankeny From Gear Patrol How To Generate And Nurture Leads With Brittany Berger From Mention How To Implement  A Guest Blogging Process With Jess Ostroff From Don't Panic Management The main lesson here is to share what your listeners will learn, backed by your guest's name and company to emphasize  their credibility on the subtopic. That whole credibility thing  should also tie nicely into your episode-specific introduction to share with your audience why you chose to chat with a specific guest about that subtopic, connecting the dots from headline to the context of the conversation. Distinguish  Your Podcast With Graphic Design Your podcast needs  a specific branding  style to distinguish itself among all the other podcasts in iTunes and beyond. If you don't have a designer in-house, it will make sense to either work with a third-party like Podcast Motor to help you with per-episode feature graphics, or create a long-term contract with a designer through a credible source like Dribbble. Our graphic designer, Ashton Hauff,  created a podcast branding PDF to help us brand The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast. In addition, she is designing every blog post feature graphic to show off the talent, and brand the blog posts specifically for the podcast. For example, here are a couple examples of blog post feature graphics Ashton has  worked through for episodes #1 and #2: Introduce Your Blog Audience To Your Podcast With Episode-Specific Blog Posts I've alluded to this a few times- but it just makes sense to share each podcast episode in a specially-published post on your blog. This helps your existing blog audience and email subscribers see that you're offering  them an entirely new way to experience your already-amazing content. There are a few elements of these blog posts that will ensure  an excellent experience for your blog audience while keeping your workload simple: Create a feature blog graphic. This helps distinguish each episode and can really show off the talent you're bringing to your audience. Embed the podcast episode inline in the blog post. The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast uses a player custom-built by Podcast Motor, and  there are many others including the Smart Podcast Player from Smart Passive Income. These players give your blog post readers the opportunity to listen to your episode while they peruse  the blog post. Include show notes. These are simply the big takeaways listeners will hear in detail as they listen to the episode. Include quotes from your guests. These are instantly shareable and immediately reiterate your guest's credibility on the subtopic of the episode. Create quote graphics. Once you know the quotes, it's easy to grab that text and turn them into sharable graphics.  Now that you have a feature graphic and several quote graphics, you can  easily provide those to your guest for when their episode launches so they can help you spread the word with beautifully branded and eye-catching social messages. These work really well for you to share your own blog posts on social media. Include a bio for your guest. Again, bios are great for showing your audience why your guest has the authority to provide  actionable advice on the subtopic. Include a full-episode transcript.  Have you ever listened to podcasts on the go, then wanted to find a specific piece of advice later? I know I have. And full episode transcripts make it easy for your audience to find the information they need quickly. Include a call to action to subscribe on iTunes. If your visitors are liking what they're hearing, it's nice for them to have the opportunity to subscribe on iTunes (preferably) or to a specific email list you've created just for your podcast listeners. Easily Direct Traffic To A Custom Podcast Landing Page In your episodes themselves, it's nice to  have an easy way to direct your listeners to where they can find more information. I've found a specially-designed landing page with a simple-to-say URL is handy. Your landing page can serve the purpose of: Showing your latest episodes with links to the specific blog posts. Optimizing the experience to convert visitors into iTunes subscribers (or a specific podcast subscriber email list). Here's how we did it for The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast with help from our front-end designer and developer, Megan Beck, and Ashton's branding guidelines. Give Away  Exclusive Content With A Custom Podcast Signup Page For The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast, we also wanted to give our podcast listeners a special, exclusive offer of .  Like the custom podcast landing page, I needed a URL that was easy to say in each episode, and a custom signup page especially built for podcast listeners. The main point here is this: If you have one call to action per episode, what would it be for your podcast? And how will you optimize that experience for your listeners? If you have one call to action per episode, what would it be for your podcast?Oh... if you want to know what that exclusive offer is, the only way to find out is by listening to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast. We are planning to not hand that URL out anywhere else to really know that the podcast is driving those conversions. ^ I'd suggest you experiment with something similar. Build Excitement Like any piece of content you publish, promotion is critical to success. Here are a few bonus ideas/tactics that may work for promoting your episodes: Tag companies mentioned in each episode in social media messages (or find their email addresses with a tool like Datanyze Insider or ContentMarketer.io and email them) Ask your guests to share their episodes and provide them the custom graphics you've created Email your general subscriber list Email your podcast-specific subscriber list Ask your company, friends, and family to  share Include calls to action  to your podcast landing page from your new and most popular blog posts Install Hello Bar or the equivalent to share your podcast with all website visitors Tease episode releases a day before you publish them ... And That's How To Start A Podcast Good luck as you start your own podcast! I'd love to hear your additional advice and lessons learned along the way. And if you have subtopics or people you'd love to hear us feature on The  Actionable Content Marketing Podcast, let me know!

Nutrition in Nursing.2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nutrition in Nursing.2 - Case Study Example Sea foods are normally very fresh, tasty and nutritionally rich especially in minerals. This is the main reason Elizabeth is frustrated with their availability locally in the new home despite what is available being expensive. The suggestion would be for her to get the fresh taste of sea foods by getting American sea food that is available in many food stores around America. There is a lot of fish in American food stores as well as the fresh weeds that are stocked in stores as well as served in many restaurants. There are also plenty of imported sea foods that she can take which have nutritional value just as the fresh ones and she could try this option. Ultimately she needs the nutritional supply and fish which is locally available is a good option for her as well as cereals. When it comes to issue of bread I would advise her to go for bread labeled whole wheat or whole grain. These are low in fat, have no cholesterol, have up to 15% protein and are rich in fiber. They are healthy and will protect the body from heart illnesses, diabetes, cancers and obesity. There also plenty of fruits which are nutritious such water melons, apples, cucumbers, Asparagus, mushrooms, broccoli, tomatoes and fresh vegetable such as cabbages, kales and onions which can be taken in plenty. These should be tasty and supply adequate nutrients such as minerals, vitamins and coupled to the other foods should give balanced diet necessary for the body’s physiology. 1. American Society of Anesthesiologists (1999). Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: Application to health patients undergoing elective procedures. Anesthesiology, 90,